Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume:14 Issue: 2, Jun 2023

Football has surpassed the borders of countries and established an integral relationship with national pride.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between leadership style and the personality type of Tehran club pro members, first, second, and third leagues, and their performance.

This descriptive, analytic, inferential, and cross-sectional study was conducted on three hundred and sixty-two members of Tehran Football Leagues’ staff, captains, supervisors, and medics. The data were collected by five questionnaires with tested validity and reliability.

Based on the leadership style, the majority of members had the training and exercising style. Considering the personality type, many of the members were inclined towards type B and types one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. A significant relationship was observed between the personality type and performance of the football teams in arenas of maintenance, knowing the team, financial issues, and team performance (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant relationship between the leadership style of training and exercising, and the personality types one, two, five, and seven (P = 0.039). Finally, the social support style and personality types one, two, five, and seven showed a significant relationship (P = 0.04).

The staff, captains, supervisors, and medics preferred the leadership style of training and exercising as well as the humanitarian aspect. They mostly had personality types B, one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. Therefore, it is emphasized to pay attention to personality type A and other types of Enneagram for different professions.

 Mental fatigue is one of the phenomena associated with the skillful sports performance of football players. There is a link between mental fatigue and the quality of skillful performance. It occurs during or after a mental activity, which is reflected in a decrease in physical fitness and a reduction in the ability to focus.

 This study was designed to find the association between mental fatigue and skill performance by inferring the kinematic variables. Sports skills demand excellent performance that is connected to mindfulness. Mental weariness impacts a person’s ability to perform physically and skillfully in a sport, especially if that performance requires high accuracy and intensity.

 The empirical research consisted of 24 players specializing in direct free kicks. Test for the accuracy of free kick shooting, a mental fatigue experiment, and a re-test of direct free kick shooting was performed and analyzed through Kinovea 0.9.5 software.

 The mean difference in the fatigue level of players before and after concerning the kinematic variables among football players was found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001).

 The study recommended developing programs that support the mental stability of the player during matches to be able to continue the required skill performance, no matter how much mental fatigue he is exposed to, which occurs as a result of several circumstances during football matches.

 There is growing interest in using dietary supplements to delay fatigue, accelerate recovery time, and improve the performance of athletes.

 In the present study, we investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the levels of some metabolic indexes related to recovery and the performance of soccer players.

 Sixteen young soccer players [age: 20 ± 1.19 years, weight: 67.67 ± 8.9 kg, height: 176.38 ± 5.54 cm and body mass index (BMI): 21.76 ± 2.12 kg/m2] completed this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. They were supplemented with 5g/day beta-alanine (BA) (BG, N = 8) or placebo (PG; N = 8; maltodextrin) for three weeks. Maximum oxygen consumption, explosive power, and recovery-related blood parameters (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea) were measured in two stages before and after supplementation.

 No significant change was observed in the serum creatine kinase level after the intervention (P = 0.061). Also, no significant difference was observed in serum levels of other blood factors, such as lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.061) and urea (P = 0.061). Regarding performance factors, no significant changes were observed in aerobic power (P = 0.061) and explosive power (P = 0.061).

 Our results suggest that beta-alanine has no effect on reducing metabolic factors related to recovery and may improve the aerobic power of soccer players.

 Muscle damage during continuous and intensive sports activities is common; therefore, experts in the field of sports medicine pay special attention to this issue.

 We investigated the short-term effect of high-dose vitamin C and E supplements on serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin in elite athletes of the Sanda field.

 This research was a parallel single-blind randomized study design in which elite Sanda athletes were matched based on weight and randomly assigned to the vitamin C + E supplement (n = 10) and placebo groups (n = 10). Subjects took vitamin C (1400 U per day) and vitamin E (2000 U per day) supplements for 4 days (3 days before the competition and on the competition day). Blood sampling was done on the morning of the competition and 24 hours later (the following day) to measure serum levels of CK and myoglobin.

 The serum CK level had a significant decrease in the supplement group (P = 0.001; mean ± SD: 237.2 ± 19.28), and myoglobin significantly increased (P = 0.001; mean ± SD, 41.1 ± 1.97) compared with the placebo group. Also, a paired sample t test showed that serum CK and myoglobin levels significantly decreased (P = 0.001; pretest, 307.7 ± 5.56; posttest, 237.2 ± 19.28) and increased (P = 0.005; pretest, 24.2 ± 2.7; posttest, 41.1 ± 1.97) in the supplement group, respectively, compared to the pretest values. However, no significant difference was observed in the placebo group.

 Short-term intake of high-dose vitamins C and E can facilitate recovery during competitive events such as Sanda. This claim can be defended based on the changes in CK and myoglobin in the blood serum of athletes.

 Increased arterial stiffness (AS) following exercise may be associated with acute cardiovascular events. High-intensity exercise may play an important role in an acute increase in AS after exercise.

 This study aimed to examine the acute effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training exercise (REHIT) on AS among individuals with insufficient physical activity compared with that among normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals.

 Twenty-four young adults with low physical activity were divided into the normal-weight group (n = 12, age 21.92 ± 0.79 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.97 ± 1.21 kg/m2) and the overweight/obese group (n = 12, age 22.00 ± 0.00 years, BMI 27.06 ± 5.24 kg/m2). All participants performed REHIT (20 s × 2 all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer for 10 min). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affect responses were assessed before and after exercise for 1, 30, and 60 min.

 Following REHIT, the HR increased, and baPWV decreased, which then returned to baseline at 60 min in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the HR and baPWV between the normal-weight and overweight/obese groups (P > 0.05). The RPE increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the affect responses following REHIT (P > 0.05) in both groups.

 Our main finding was that baPWV did not increase after REHIT in either the normal-weight or overweight/obese groups. This suggests that REHIT can safely be done in physically inactive individuals, both in normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, with no adverse increase in arterial stiffness.

Exercises performed at home and not requiring a change of clothes or special equipment are easy to start and can be continued long-term. To prevent COVID-19 infection, people worldwide have refrained from leaving their homes unnecessarily since the beginning of 2020. Fewer opportunities for outdoor exercise and less time spent in the sunlight can have serious negative effects on the bones.

The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of low-repetition leg-raise training on the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine.

Eighteen healthy female university students performed leg-raise training at home, ten repetitions per day, three days per week, for six months. BMC and BMD (g/cm²) of the right proximal femur and lumbar spine (L2–L4, anteroposterior view) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

This low-repetition, low-frequency leg-raise training significantly increased lumbar spine BMC and BMD in these young women. However, there was no significant effect of exercise on the BMC or BMD at any proximal femur site.

Home-based body weight leg-raise training may have effective mechanical stress to maintain or increase BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine.

Context: 

Aging is associated with extensive changes in physiological and biomechanical factors, such as reduction of muscle function. Identifying and controlling the negative effects caused by these changes can help improve the quality of life of the elderly andreduce treatment costs. The objective of this research is to investigate the biomechanical changes of gatesamongelderly people.

All full-text articles with the keywords including elderly and walking, gait, aging, and geriatrics were considered. Data collection was done using a "Data Extraction Form" which was designed based on the purpose of the research. Articles were searched in reliable databases such as Mendeley PubMed, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar SpringerLink, and SID by searching keywords. At first, 1985 articles regarding biomechanical parameters of walking were found. Finally, 12 articles were directly related to the topic.

The results of our studies showed that changes would occur in both kinetics and walking kinematics in old age due to the lack of neuromuscular and skeletal capacity and weakness in aspects of balance, coordination, and posture control. The elderly tend to perform compensatory strategies and altered movement patterns in gait, which lead to some changes in kinematic and kinetic characteristics.

Prevention, reduction, and treatment of movement disorders require timely diagnosis. Therefore, researches in the area of walking the elderly and assessing their risk of falling, and understanding how much age-related decline can be tolerated before creating movement restrictions are key factors.